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Published: July 20, 2026, 12:04 am Recent illnesses highlight the need to include Clostridium botulinum spores and cereulide toxin as relevant hazards in powdered infant formula, according to scientists. Ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing clostridial spores can result in infant botulism. Cereulide production during the manufacture of arachidonic acid (ARA) oil, an optional ingredient in

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3 min read Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: In 2015, a paleoanthropology team discovered jaw remains of a roughly 42,000-year-old Neanderthal in France. Over the next several years, the team, led by Ludovic Slimak, found more of the Neanderthal’s remains and began to analyze its genome. Despite its proximity to other

Scientists flag airborne coronavirus spread Scientists flag airborne coronavirus spread 03:39 Over the past several months, there has been controversy over the way SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, travels from an infected person to others. While official guidance has often been unclear, some aerosol scientists and public health experts have maintained that the spread…

Endocrinology.In the brain, aromatase transforms testosterone, a hormone that drives sexual activity in males, into estradiol, which is a type of estrogen.Scientists have shown that estrogens are important for the control of reproductive function in both sexes. In addition, estrogens are critical for functional and organizational roles in brain development and adult behavior.To determine whether…