1xbet
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
1xbet-1xir.com
betforward
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
betforward.com.co
yasbetir1.xyz
winbet-bet.com
1kickbet1.com
1xbet-ir1.xyz
hattrickbet1.com
4shart.com
manotobet.net
hazaratir.com
takbetir2.xyz
1betcart.com
betforwardperir.xyz
betforward-shart.com
betforward.com.co
betforward.help
betfa.cam
2betboro.com
1xbete.org
1xbett.bet
romabet.cam
megapari.cam
mahbet.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbet
1xbet
alvinbet.site
alvinbet.bet
alvinbet.help
alvinbet.site
alvinbet.bet
alvinbet.help
1xbet giris
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
1xbetgiris.cam
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
pinbahis.com.co
betwinner
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
betwiner.org
1xbet
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
1xbete.org
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
betforward
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
yasbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1xbet
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
1betcart.com
betcart
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی
بهترین سایت شرط بندی ایرانی

Global Statistics

All countries
695,781,740
Confirmed
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm
All countries
627,110,498
Recovered
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm
All countries
6,919,573
Deaths
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm

Global Statistics

All countries
695,781,740
Confirmed
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm
All countries
627,110,498
Recovered
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm
All countries
6,919,573
Deaths
Updated on September 26, 2023 9:04 pm

Smoking probably puts you at greater risk of coronavirus, not less

The 6 Best Beard Trimmers for Men in 2025, Tested by Grooming Editors

Pros Super long lifespan Sharp, clean lines thanks to a strong motor Rubber grip that makes trimmer easy to weld Quick-dial offers 19 length guards Panasonic reliability Cons A bit bulky to comfortably travel with The reason we love this Men’s Health Grooming Award-winning trimmer so much is because it’s just so freaking easy to

Provider misperceptions drive inappropriate antibiotic overprescribing for child diarrhea in India, finds study

Know gap and know-do gap in antibiotics prescribing for child diarrhea. Credit: Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ady9868 Researchers from USC and Duke report in Science Advances that the persistent "know-do gap"—where clinicians know guidelines but practice differently—is the primary driver of antibiotic overprescribing for pediatric diarrhea in India's private sector, not lack of knowledge, point-of-sale

How to Stay Calm in Uncertainty: 6 Tips From Therapists

Uncertainty is a natural part of life, but it’s easy to feel completely overwhelmed when a lot of unknowns are coming your way at once—like, right about now. Between political tension and rising gun violence, ongoing debates over health mandates, and the general unpredictability happening in your personal life, it’s no wonder many of us

Vuori September Sale: Save up to 40% Off Hoodies, Joggers, Tees and More

SUMMER'S IN THE rearview, and Vuori is giving us the best reason to celebrate fall: its September sale. It's my favorite season of the year, and as a style editor, I love it because I get to layer up with joggers, hoodies, and long-sleeve performance tops that work just as well for workouts as they

Resilience under pressure: Study reveals ambulance staff’s adaptive response to COVID-19

Please complete security verification This request seems a bit unusual, so we need to confirm that you're human. Please press and hold the button until it turns completely green. Thank you for your cooperation! Press and hold the button If you believe this is an error, please contact our support team. 185.149.70.50 : ee4cfcb2-1632-4c0c-bd74-51630f57


Health


| Analysis

19 May 2020

By Clare Wilson

People who smoke appear more likely to develop covid-19 symptoms

People who smoke appear more likely to develop covid-19 symptoms

Courtney Africa/RealTime Images/ABACAPRESS.COM

A number of studies suggesting smokers are less likely to catch coronavirus have led to headlines saying that smokers are “protected” against covid-19 – but this probably isn’t the case.

Cigarettes seem like an unlikely ally against a respiratory virus. Tobacco smoke damages the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the blood, and slows down the hairs lining the body’s air passages that gently waft along mucus. Smokers are affected more severely by colds and flu, and years of smoking can lead to a type of lung failure known as emphysema, which is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

But data emerging from the countries first hit by coronavirus gave doctors pause: the proportion of smokers among those being hospitalised for covid-19 was lower than in the general population. In China, for example, about 8 per cent of people in hospital with covid-19 were smokers, while 26 per cent of the general population smoke. The equivalent figures for Italy are 8 and 19 per cent respectively.

Advertisement

“The data seem to be repeated in different countries,” says Alberto Nájera at the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Spain, whose team analysed figures from 18 of the first such reports (Preprints, doi.org/dv8f). He says nicotine may reduce the immune system’s tendency to overreact to the virus and cause a cytokine storm, an inflammatory response that can be deadly.

A different idea, put forward by Jean-Pierre Changeux at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, is that nicotine lowers the amount of a molecule on lung cells called ACE2, which the coronavirus uses to gain entry into those cells (Qeios, doi.org/dv8h).

But many of the reports that find lower rates of smoking among covid-19 patients also suggest that smoking is more common among people who get sickest and die (Qeios, doi.org/dv8j). This is hard to explain if nicotine really protects against the coronavirus.

Questions have also been raised about the accuracy of the initial reports. Some people recorded as non-smokers may have recently stopped due to the pandemic, says Nick Hopkinson at Imperial College London. There has been speculation that in places like Italy where there weren’t always enough intensive care beds to go round, some may have lied about smoking, he says.

Perhaps the biggest concern is that it isn’t valid to compare smoking rates among coronavirus patients with the general population, says Eleanor Murray at Boston University. Most people who have severe enough covid-19 infections to end up in hospital are older, and older people have lower smoking rates.

Rather than looking at smoking rates in hospital patients, Hopkinson is using an app downloaded by 1.5 million people in the UK to track their cases. His findings aren’t yet published, but suggest that smokers are about 25 per cent more likely to develop covid-19 symptoms – although this is judged by users’ self-reports, not medical tests.

A recent study looked at the health records of 17 million people in England to establish risk factors linked with dying from covid-19 among (medRxiv, doi.org/dt9z).

The results for smoking change depending on which other risk factors are included. But the most logical analysis according to Hopkinson, adjusting for age and sex only, finds smokers at a somewhat higher risk of dying from covid-19. “The claim that smoking is protective is interesting and perplexing, but it doesn’t stand up to scrutiny,” he says.

Sign up to our free Health Check newsletter for a monthly round-up of all the health and fitness news you need to know

More on these topics:

Read More

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here

Hot Topics

The 6 Best Beard Trimmers for Men in 2025, Tested by Grooming Editors

Pros Super long lifespan Sharp, clean lines thanks to a strong motor Rubber grip that makes trimmer easy to weld Quick-dial offers 19 length guards Panasonic reliability Cons A bit bulky to comfortably travel with The reason we love this Men’s Health Grooming Award-winning trimmer so much is because it’s just so freaking easy to

Provider misperceptions drive inappropriate antibiotic overprescribing for child diarrhea in India, finds study

Know gap and know-do gap in antibiotics prescribing for child diarrhea. Credit: Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ady9868 Researchers from USC and Duke report in Science Advances that the persistent "know-do gap"—where clinicians know guidelines but practice differently—is the primary driver of antibiotic overprescribing for pediatric diarrhea in India's private sector, not lack of knowledge, point-of-sale

How to Stay Calm in Uncertainty: 6 Tips From Therapists

Uncertainty is a natural part of life, but it’s easy to feel completely overwhelmed when a lot of unknowns are coming your way at once—like, right about now. Between political tension and rising gun violence, ongoing debates over health mandates, and the general unpredictability happening in your personal life, it’s no wonder many of us

Related Articles

The 6 Best Beard Trimmers for Men in 2025, Tested by Grooming Editors

Pros Super long lifespan Sharp, clean lines thanks to a strong motor Rubber grip that makes trimmer easy to weld Quick-dial offers 19 length guards Panasonic reliability Cons A bit bulky to comfortably travel with The reason we love this Men’s Health Grooming Award-winning trimmer so much is because it’s just so freaking easy to

Provider misperceptions drive inappropriate antibiotic overprescribing for child diarrhea in India, finds study

Know gap and know-do gap in antibiotics prescribing for child diarrhea. Credit: Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ady9868 Researchers from USC and Duke report in Science Advances that the persistent "know-do gap"—where clinicians know guidelines but practice differently—is the primary driver of antibiotic overprescribing for pediatric diarrhea in India's private sector, not lack of knowledge, point-of-sale

How to Stay Calm in Uncertainty: 6 Tips From Therapists

Uncertainty is a natural part of life, but it’s easy to feel completely overwhelmed when a lot of unknowns are coming your way at once—like, right about now. Between political tension and rising gun violence, ongoing debates over health mandates, and the general unpredictability happening in your personal life, it’s no wonder many of us